Lapping, a term usually referring to the process of obtaining a certain surface roughness, is done by either hand or machine. The process is typically using an abrasive along with a surface such as iron or glass to grind down a the surface of a brittle object. Abrasives include aluminum oxide, emery, silicon carbide and even diamonds. Lapping is used to grind down and polish everything from stones to glass but is widely used in lapping extremely thin wafers for semiconductors.

If you're looking for a lapper or lapping accessories, consider the following before making a decision:

1. Manufacturers and suppliers of new lapping machines

2. Lapping accessories

3. Used lapping machines

Action Steps
The best contacts and resources to help you get it done

Find lapping equipment suppliers online

Lapping machines, for the semiconductor and other industries, are easily found online where you can search by expertise or by price but keep in mind, if you order a machine online, you'll likely have to fork out a shipping fee. You'll also be on your own as far as maintenance is concerned. Personal lapping machines for craft use can also be found online as well as in some local craft stores.

I recommend: Contact Lapmaster for lapping and polishing materials for the micro technology industry. Engis also offers solutions for all of your lap tool needs. Lortone, Inc., offers personal lapping machines and tumblers for stone and jewellery artists.

Test accuracy with accessories for metallographic machines

Metallography, or the study of material micro structure, is comprised of cutting, grinding and the polishing of material. Make the most of your lapping machines with the right accessories. Rests and stands for operating machines can lessen physical wear and tear on your body. Tools like microscopes can assure you that your machines are producing what they need to.

I recommend: Check out MTI Corporation for their metallurgical microscopes. Sun-Tech Corporation carries a full line of metallographic accessories like hardness testers, rests and stands.

Shop for a used lap machine if your budget is tight

Used lapping machines can save you a bundle whether you buy from a company that specializes in used machinery or from an individual. Don't forget, though, that you usually will not get the same kind of product guarantees that you would get with new equipment purchases.

I recommend: Saunders Machinery Company has a large selection of used lapping machines. Surplus Record can put you in contact with individual sellers of lapping tools and machines.

Tips & Tactics

Helpful advice for making the most of this Guide

• •  Any expert lapper will tell you to start with a good cut and use fresh lapping compound for a dramatic drop in lapping time as well as reduce wear and tear on your blades and lap. Keep the polishing component of the machine free of dirt and debris to produce the smoothest surfaces.