Air Traffic Control Key Terms

Learn key terms surrounding the air traffic control industry

By Cathy Salustri

Air traffic controllers and the air traffic control industry use a host of terms and acronyms that sound complex and technical. Many of the terms used in the industry do pertain to technical and complex things, but anyone can learn what these terms mean without having to understand the engineering behind some of the technology. By understanding air traffic control key terms, you'll be able to talk like a professional in the industry.

Operational error

An operational error means that two planes in flight have gotten too close together.
Try: For more information, visit The National Air Traffic Controllers Association, which explains operational errors in greater detail. It also has statistics detailing how often operational errors occur.

Airport surface detection equipment

Airport surface detection equipment is a type of radar that you can find in use at airports. It looks like a white disc and updates every second.
Try: ATCMonitor.com explains airport surface detection equipment in depth. It also discusses other types of radar.

Traffic control avoidance system, TCAS

Traffic Alert and Collision Avoidance System (TCAS) is one type of air traffic control system that helps prevent mid-air collisions by monitoring flight status.
Try: On its website, the Federal Aviation Administration, most often referred to as the FAA, provides information about the different types of air traffic control systems. Its description includes detailed definitions of the two types of TCAS.

Runway incursion

A runway incursion takes place when planes that are taking off, landing or taxiing don't stay far enough apart and pose a safety hazard. Previously, two definitions of runway incursions existed, one from the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) and one from the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO).
Try: Professional Pilot News offers a look at the term runway incursion and provides information on the FAA adopting the same definition as the ICAO.

Land and hold short operations (LAHSO)

Land and hold short operations, also called LAHSO, are procedures used by air traffic controllers when they're using two runways that intersect. You may find it helpful to refer to a diagram when you want more information on LAHSO.
Try: Find an online booklet, complete with diagrams, at Aircraft Owners and Pilots Association (AOPA). This website provides information explaining how land and hold short operations work.

Position and hold

Position and hold is another type of procedure air traffic controllers use to keep planes separated by a safe distance.
Try: To learn more about this key term, visit the Student Flying Club, which explains how position and hold works.