Aircraft Materials Key Terms

Learn the terms that aircraft manufacturers use

By Shannon Tani

Aircraft manufacturers must build their airplanes out of materials that are safe for the skies. There are a lot of new terms to learn. For example, those new to the field may not know the difference between airplane grade aluminum, polymers and composite materials, all of which are necessary for building airplanes. Are the materials they choose approved by the FAA and ISO 9001 compliant? Knowing these key terms is essential for those working in the industry.

FAA

The Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) is the organization that regulates the airline industry. They are responsible for keeping people safe. The FAA creates minimum standards that manufacturers must meet when building airplanes.
Try: Learn more about the FAA and what they do directly from their website.

Polymer composites

Polymers are a type of plastic or resin that manufacturers use in the making of aircraft. It can typically be found in the interior trim and as electrical insulators.
Try: Charles Sturt University describes polymer composites and how they are used in aircraft construction. The site includes a diagram.

ISO 9000 and ISO 14000

The International Organization for Standardization (ISO) creates various standards that all international businesses aim to follow. The ISO 9000 series of standards deals with management practices, while the ISO 14000 series deals with environmental concerns. Manufacturers should try to understand these standards or hire a consultant that can help ensure that their company is compliant.
Try: Learn about the ISO 9000 and ISO 14000 standards through the International Organization for Standardization.

Fiber-reinforced

Aircraft manufacturers often use fiber-reinforced materials in the making of planes. In these materials, the fiber reinforcement is used to strengthen the material. Often, companies use this as a way to create lighter aircraft, which cost less to fly.
Try: Efunda.com offers a description of fiber-reinforced composites.

Interior components

As important as the outside of the plane is, aircraft manufacturers must also consider the interior components. These are things such as the seats and lavatory components.
Try: DASELL manufacturers interior components for airplanes and describes the possibilities, along with pictures.

Flight control surfaces

The flight control surfaces are the parts of a plane that the pilot uses to control flight. These are the ailerons on the wings and the rudder and elevator on the plane's tail.
Try: Visit The Aviation History Online Museum to see a sample diagram and to learn about each part.