CNC Machinery Key Terms

Learn the terminology frequently used in CNC machinery

You don't need to be technologically savvy to learn what is meant by CAM or G-code. Computer numerical control (CNC) machinery sounds complex, and it is, but knowing some basic definitions will help your understanding of how a three-dimensional image on a computer screen becomes a part you can hold in your hand.
Many machine shops are transitioning to CNC in order to increase productivity and achieve more precise results. Studying the following CNC machinery key terms will help you decide if a CNC retrofit is right for your business.

 

Computer-aided manufacturing

Computer-aided manufacturing, or more simply CAM, refers to the computer software used in CNC applications. CAM software generates the coding used by CNC machines based on three-dimensional models created with computer-aided design, or CAD, software.
Try: For a more detailed explanation of how computer-aided manufacturing works, visit Micropulse West. View screen shots of computer-aided manufacturing software at Bodine Tool & Machine.

Canned cycle

A canned cycle simplifies CNC programming. In layman's terms, a canned cycle is a shortcut. In a canned cycle, a single code begins a machining sequence that would normally take several lines of coding to program. The sequence can be easily repeated or stopped depending on the coding.
Try: Visit LinuxCNC.org for a detailed explanation of how various canned cycles are programmed.

G-code

G-code is the name that is commonly assigned to a CNC machine's programming language, although it is sometimes referred to as preparatory code. G-code is a collection of both absolute and relative coordinates that direct the machine's moves.
Try: Read how one business owner taught himself G-code to program his company's CNC mill at Ruin & Wesen's blog. To see examples of G-code, visit CNC Information.

M code

While G-code is the generic term for the CNC programming language, the term "M code" is much more specific. An M code gives a command to the machine, such as switch tools or turn on coolant.
Try: Read through a list of standard M codes at AGG software.

Controller

A controller, sometimes referred to as only CNC, is the device that physically manipulates the machine's movements. Controllers also retrofit standard machinery into CNC machinery. Many controllers include the retrofit kit, the CAM software, motors, generators and cables.
Try: Learn about the various specifications of CNC controllers at GlobalSpec. To see examples of CNC motion controllers, visit MicroKinetics.

Post processor

A post processor provides the software link between information developed in a CAM program and the actions of the CNC machine. The post processor can be customized to the specifications of the machine shop in order to increase the productivity of the CNC machinery.
Try: For an example of the features that can be included in a custom post processor, visit ICAM Technologies.

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