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Barbara Whitaker

Guide to Conducting Your Own Market Research

Your customers can guide you to success if you ask the right questions

By Barbara Whitaker, freelance writer, none

No matter how small the business, it's important to know your customers, the competition and the marketplace. The American Marketing Association suggests business owners put aside .02 to 1 percent of gross annual sales for market research. Even businesses with virtually nothing to spend can research their market using easily accessible tools available at local libraries, small business development centers and on the Web.

The work can be broken into four areas:

  1. Establish your objectives. Analyzing the competition in an area, for example, will require a different approach than introducing a new product or adapting current advertising or marketing strategies.
  2. Choose the the research method. Qualitative research relies on subjective information like customer surveys and focus groups. Quantitative builds on existing information like census demographics or industry analysis.
  3. Conduct surveys or focus groups.
  4. Analyze the information.

Action Steps
The best contacts and resources to help you get it done


Set your objectives

Are you looking to launch a new product or repair a bad public image? You'll need to clarify objectives, create a budget and a timetable for completion.
I recommend: The Small Business Administration's intro to marketing goes through the steps to refine your target and set up your research project. The American Marketing Association covers the same ground with an an emphasis on inexpensive approaches to market research such as providing customers with a feedback form in your store, gathering neighbors to test new products, offering a discount on a product or service in return for an hour of a customer's time for an in-depth interview; or doing a direct mail survey of your customers.

Scope the marketplace

Whether you want to gauge whether your business idea will fly or why a product isn't doing better, it's important to understand your marketplace. Visit your competitions' places of business, if possible, and their Web sites. Check government and trade group information. But stay focused. If you're determining whether there's a market for your consumer product, for example, start by researching local census demographics. But if you're looking at existing competition, you will want census breakdowns that provide businesses by zip code.
I recommend: An online tutorial on KnowThis shows you where to find market research from government and industry. The section on government statistics is particularly valuable for wading through the vast amount of available material. If you're exploring government sites on your own, FedStats is a good place to start and the SBA Office of Advocacy keeps small business statistics. For a breakdown of businesses by zip code, check out an excellent national database offered by the Missouri Census Data Center or visit the Census Bureau's ZIP business page. For industry information, check Hoovers Online and Bizstats, but only basic information is free.

Survey customers

Surveys give you valuable insight into what consumers want. Keep surveys simple. Ask clear, precise questions and be sure they are not biased or leading.
I recommend: SurveyMonkey sets up small-scale Web-based surveys (fewer than 100 respondents) for free and changes $20 a month subscription for those wanting to do larger, more complicated screenings. If you want to go it on your own, StartUpNation makes recommendations on how to create market surveys and conduct focus groups. Microsoft Small Business Center provides dos and don'ts of focus groups.

Hire a pro

If you've got the bucks, marketing firms will package customized research for you.
I recommend: Look in the Market Research Association's online Blue Book directory or use the American Marketing Association's searchable directory.

Tips & Tactics
Helpful advice for making the most of this Guide

  • The key to finding the right market research is figuring out what you want to know and then methodically gathering the information that will provide the answer.
  • Ask for help from small business centers and librarians when initiating a search
  • When conducting surveys and focus groups, keep it simple.
  • Consider giving a stipend of some sort to those who participate in your surveys.
  • Use multiple sources of information when doing your research.

The official source of Conducting Your Own Market Research is
the Market Research Data page at Business.com

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Recommended Solution Providers

Small Business Development Center National Information Clearinghouse: Market Research Bibliography
Thorough market research bibliography, with links to some resources, that provides listings of key sources and providers for raw data when conducting one's own market research.

Bizminer: Market Research Reports
Detailed industry market research reports are available for purchase in addition to freely available sample reports.

Allium Research: Market Research Consultant
Marketing research consulting firm that analyzes a business's market, recommending specific actions and strategies.

SPSS Business Solutions: Market Research
Offers software and management solutions to companies that conduct their own market research. Free customer stories and white papers are also offered.

Best Sites to Learn More

Small Business Administration: Conducting Market Research
Thoroughly comprehensive, step-by-step instructions on how a small business can conduct its own market research. Further links to a workbook and articles on the topic are included.

Missouri Small Business Development Centers: Market Research Workbook
Free online book supplying rules and key resources to answer basic questions about conducting market research for a small business.

Inc: Market Research Guide
An array of free how-to guides for conducting one's own market research, including case studies of how correct or incorrect market research can effect a small business.

About.com: Do-it-yourself Market Research
Multi-part advice on conducting one's own market research, with links to related articles and a glossary.

CCH Business Owner's Toolkit: Market Research
Descriptive advice on conducting one's own small business market research, defining the various types and methods of market research.



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