Lathes Key Terms

Learn about the types of lathes and lathe equipment by understanding the terminology

By Terri Deno

Lathes are industrial machines used to shape pieces of material. Depending on the type of lathe, this material can be wood, metal, plastic, or even some types of glass. The material being shaped is held between the headstock and the tailstock of the machine. The lathe then turns the material at variable speeds to assist the operator in shaping the material with a number of specialized tools. Some lathes are also equipped with CNC capabilities for better precision.

Wood lathe

A wood lathe is one of the most common types of lathes available. A wood lathe is used for shaping wood pieces into a desired design or shape. Lathes are used to cut down on the time spent carving wood and makes the finished product look even and smooth.
Try: The Woodturner's Workshop provides a guide on the basics of woodturning using a wood lathe.

Metal lathe

Metal lathes are specific types of lathes designed to work with materials harder than wood. These machines can turn many types of metals, plastics and other hard materials.
Try: The HMC Department of Engineering provides a diagram of a metal lathe and instructional videos on how a metal lathe works.

Vertical turret lathe

A vertical turret lathe is a lathe that turns the wood or metal piece at a vertical angle as opposed to a horizontal one.
Try: Wise Geek provides additional information on the vertical turret lathe, how it operates, and what types of materials can be used with it.

Computer numerical control (CNC)

A lathe or other industrial machine can have computer numerical controls (CNC). A CNC lathe offers programmable settings for better precision when turning a piece of wood or metal.
Try: CNC Concepts provides an explanation of CNC and how it works in different types of machines for manufacturing.

Chisels

Lathe chisels are hand tools used to produce the final product. Chisels are used in woodworking to produce chair legs, rails and spindles.
Try: WoodworkingLathe.com provides instructions on how to properly hold lathe chisels to produce the best product.

Tool posts or holders

A tool post is an accessory for lathes that holds the working tool in place while the lathe is running. These are available in a number of sizes and strengths to work with variable speeds.
Try: Fox Valley Technical College provides an overview of some common tool posts for lathes.