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Guide to Starting a Nonprofit Organization

How to simplify the maze of paperwork, rules and regulations

By Cherie L. Berkley, Owner, Legacy Letters, LLC


Most nonprofits filed with the Internal Revenue Service fall under IRS code 501(c)(3). These organizations include public charities or private foundations, which are established for purposes such as religious, educational, scientific, literary and testing for public safety, to name a few. There are other nonprofits — 501(c)(4) and 501(c)(27) — that are considered tax-exempt, but not charitable. You must apply separately for tax-exempt status via the IRS.

Be prepared: The process of forming a nonprofit with the IRS isn’t simple and can be time-consuming. You may become overwhelmed when starting out after discovering all of the rules, regulations and paperwork that come with it. However, there are some significant perks.

Three primary benefits of being tax-exempt under a 501(c)(3) nonprofit are:

  1. You are tax-exempt from federal and/or state corporate income taxes.
  2. You are able to apply for grants and other public or private allocations available only to IRS-recognized, 501(c)(3) organizations.
  3. You have potentially higher thresholds before incurring federal and/or state unemployment tax liabilities.

Action Steps
The best contacts and resources to help you get it done


Do you qualify to be a nonprofit?

First determine if your business qualifies for nonprofit status under IRS stipulations.
I recommend: The IRS lists requirements for an organization's eligibility for tax-exemption, which these FAQs can help you determine. Refer to Managementhelp.org for help getting started, or use the University of Wisconsin's company assessment to assist with strategic planning.

Get a checklist to simplify the must-dos

Before applying for nonprofit status, your business must have a mission statement, articles of organization, and be incorporated, among other things. Save time by having a checklist to ensure you have everything in order on the front end.
I recommend: IRS Publication 557 stipulates in detail what you need. Use Columbus Metropolitan Library's online tutorial to walk you through the initial steps.

Forms and fees to apply

Filling out forms can be the worst part of the process. Applying for 501(c)(3) status requires filling out the 28-page-long IRS form 1023. The IRS estimates a preparation time of more than 100 hours for a novice to complete. Approval can take four to six months.
I recommend: Print 1023 from the IRS Web site. It also lists user fees associated with all tax-exempt applications. Call (877) 829-5500 for specific questions.

Hire someone to help

While you can do a lot of the work yourself, you should also enlist the professional help of an attorney and/or accountant to review your application. Use specialists in forming nonprofits. Many businesses will skip the hassle and hire a firm to complete all of the paperwork.
I recommend: Try the American Bar Association for referrals to local attorneys. Seek out attorneys who do pro bono work for nonprofits, as well as for reputable consulting firms such as the Foundation Group and the Authenticity Consulting.

Tips & Tactics
Helpful advice for making the most of this Guide

  • If your application is rejected, you can appeal within 30 days or apply again from scratch.
  • Don't forget your user fee; it is required to process your application.
  • You cannot file an application online.
  • Call (800) 829-3676 to order forms, instructions and publications from the IRS regarding nonprofits.

The official source of Starting a Nonprofit Organization is
the Starting a Nonprofit Organization page at Business.com

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Recommended Solution Providers

Hurwit and Associates: Non-Profit Law
Offers non-profit law services.

Boardsource: Non-Profit Staffing
Provides non-profit consulting and staffing for executive boards.

CompassPoint: Non-Profit Services
Offers non-profit professional development and consulting services.

The Company Corporation: Non-Profit Services
Offers non-profit LLC and incorporation services.

Convivo: Non-Profit Services
Provides software for non-profit online fundraising, advocacy and marketing.

National Philanthropic Trust: Non-Profit Services
Provides philanthropic consulting services.

Foundation Group
Specializes in professional consulting services to 501c3 organizations.

Authenticity Consulting
Focuses on non-profit organizations.

Best Sites to Learn More

About.com: Non-Profit Startup Resources
Articles, links, news and other information about non-profit organization.

Management Help: Starting a Non-Profit Organization
Tips, FAQs, links to resources with information on starting a non-profit.

Michigan State University: Non-Profit Resources
Links to non-profit resources.

University of Wisconsin, Madison: Starting a Non-Profit Organization and Non-Profit Law
Links to grants and other resources for starting a non-profit organization.

IdeaList: The Non-Profit FAQ
Links and resources for starting a non-profit.

IKNOW: Starting a Non-Profit
Information and links to resources for a non-profit startup.

University Center: Non-Profit Resources
Links to grant, funding and organizational information.

Best Blogs and Forums

onPhilanthropy: Non-Profit Blog
Global resources for non-profit professionals.

Non-Profit Services: Discussion Board
Discussion of non-profit management issues.

Where Most Needed: Charity Blog
News, information and commentary for the charity industry.

Non-Profit Technology Blog: Non-Profit Technology
News, information and commentary on technology, software and organizational life.

Earth.Business Community: Non-Profit Discussion
Discussion of non-profit topics.



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